H. polygyrus stimulates strong innate immune responses, including ILC expansion in BALB/c mice,24 and extensive alternative activation of macrophages linked to the formation of granulomas.24, 38 Somewhat surprisingly, despite the decreased resistance of IL-2C-treated mice to H. polygyrus, innate lymphoid populations were significantly increased in naive and infected IL-2C-treated mice (Figure 4a), suggesting that this population cannot influence parasite burden early in infection. This evidence concerns the gene CCL27 and Granuloma.