INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Up to now, they and others have identified >80 loci associated with T2D, and >70 loci associated with glycemic traits including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, fasting proinsulin, insulin secretion and insulin resistance measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), glucose measured at oral glucose tolerance test, corrected insulin response to glucose, and HbA1c [32•, 33].