FSHR and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In conclusion, replicated GWAS in Chinese14, 15 and European cohorts36, 37, 38 implicate genes modulating gonadotropin action, LHCGR and FSHR, and secretion, FSHB. These findings suggest that gonadotropins play an aetiologic role in PCOS pathogenesis, analogous to the insights into causative biologic pathways provided by T2D GWAS implicating β-cell genes and obesity GWAS implicating neuroendocrine genes modulating food intake44.