TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In this regard, persistent low-grade inflammation is described by a considerable increase in the systemic levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which presence is highly related to atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [4-6].