Given the defined role of TLR3 and TLR4 in EAE progression (Touil et al., 2006), in addition to evidence that their expression is up-regulated in MS lesions (Bsibsi et al., 2002), we next set out to assess the impact of TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation on inflammatory responses of immune cells isolated from control and RR-MS patients. Here, TLR3 is linked to myeloid sarcoma.