LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Numerous studies conducted in recent years have indicated that factors such as kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), interleukin-18 (IL-18), N-acetyl-β-glucosidase (NAG) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) increase in the early stages of AKI and can therefore be used as markers for early AKI diagnosis [6–9].