Our data indicate that AID activity in pancreas does not promote pancreatic carcinogenesis; instead, it triggers an NKG2D-mediated cytotoxic response that would eliminate pretumoral cells and prevent carcinoma development, in line with the published finding that AID promotes an NKG2D immune response in B cells infected with the Abelson murine leukemia virus (Gourzi et al, 2006). This evidence concerns the gene KLRK1 and carcinoma.