Interestingly, our sequence analysis of well-established PD-autosomal recessive (PARKIN, PINK1 and PARK7/DJ1) and PD-autosomal dominant (SCNA and LRRK2) genes in families with the corresponding mode of inheritance as well as sporadic cases, detected only three pathogenic point mutations; two of which were missense [p.G409R in PINK1 (Fig 1A and 1B) and p.T313M in PARKIN (S1 Table)], while the third was a nonsense mutation [p.Q178X in PARKIN, (S6 Fig)]. This evidence concerns the gene PRKN and Parkinson disease.