Higher concentrations of NfL were related to more pronounced white matter changes based on T2- and proton density-weighted scans in subjects with AD, subcortical vascular dementia and healthy controls.24 Baseline CSF NfL concentration predicted localized FA differences in the middle temporal gyrus white matter in adults at risk for AD.25 Only antibodies to NfL (rather than measured NfL levels) were linked to MRI markers of axonal loss in multiple sclerosis (MS).26 This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and multiple sclerosis.