TNF and Insulin resistance: It is synthesized mainly by adipose tissue and seems to generate insulin resistance through an inhibitory effect on CD36, fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), acetyl-coA carboxylase, and AMP-activated protein kinase α. Furthermore, resistin has been shown to regulate gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 via nuclear factor-kβ (NF-kβ) [31].