Our results showed that gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue of normal, obesity, and T2DM subjects in the Uygurs was significantly different, and the expression levels of TBX1 and TCF21, the marker of white adipocytes and brown-like white adipocytes, respectively [13], were significantly greater in the obesity group than in normal and T2DM groups and significantly lower in the T2DM group than in normal group (P < 0.01). This evidence concerns the gene TBX1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.