Sugulle et al. observed that plasma GDF-15 levels was elevated in preeclampsia (5978 median (3822–15652 IQR) ng/L) and superimposed preeclampsia in diabetes mellitus (6002 (4230–11830) ng/L) compared to the control subjects (3710 (1860–6266) ng/L) [26]. Here, GDF15 is linked to diabetes mellitus.