The involvement of miRNAs in the mutant status of EGFR and the emerging role of these molecules in the regulation of the EGFR signaling pathway and drug resistance to anti-EGFR agents have made miRNAs potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer, as well as potential predictive markers for the therapeutic outcome using anti-EGFR agents or regimens. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and lung cancer.