IGF1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: For instance, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGBP3) can suppress ROS-mediated cytotoxicity by novel insulin-like growth factor (IGF), independent antioxidant activity, thereby increasing CD44H cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and facilitating ESCC cell adaptation and survival under hypoxia [87].