The production of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a probably plays a role in in vivo inflammatory processes that occur after Bothrops envenomation, such as edema, coagulopathies, leukocyte mobilization, generation of reactive oxygen species, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 [36]. Here, TNF is linked to blood coagulation disease.