SDHD and renal carcinoma: Renal carcinoma occurs in ∼14% of PGL4 (Vanharanta et al. 2004, Ricketts et al. 2008, Gill et al. 2011) and 8% of PGL1; one case with SDHC mutation has been reported, and none with SDHA or SDHAF2 (Gill et al. 2013).