ACSL1 and diabetes mellitus: 2001). In diabetes, ACS-1 activity is reduced in the liver, which switches to acetate excretion rather than consumption, and thus increases the blood concentration of acetate (Wolfe 2005). Cardiac ACS-1 activity has been reported to be unchanged in diabetic rats, whereas ACS-2 is induced under diabetic conditions in heart and skeletal muscles (Fujino et al. 2001).