As reductions in extracellular NAMPT/PBEF availability, via neutralizing antibodies12 or liposomes encargoed with NAMPT siRNAs, provide significant protection from LPS- and VILI-induced murine lung inflammation12, together these findings indicate that NAMPT/PBEF is an attractive therapeutic target in ARDS and VILI. Here, NAMPT is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.