Obesity-induced metabolites regulate proinflammatory cytokine production through a large sum of transcription factors, like NF-κB13, forkhead box-containing protein O subfamily-17, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs)14, 15, etc. HIFs are composed of two dimeric subunits: an oxygen-sensitive α subunit (HIF1α or HIF2α) and a ubiquitously and constitutively expressed β subunit (HIF1β)16. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.