Knockdown of both SMO and GLI1 in SSM2c and A375 melanospheres and engraftment of SSM2c cells transduced with lentiviral-shSMO and LV-ShGLI1 leads to a drastic decrease in the fraction of ALDH+ cells, reduced clonogenicity and reduced tumour growth, respectively [137]. The gene discussed is SMO; the disease is neoplasm.