MAP2K7 and ischemia: As previously reported, MKK7 phosphorylation increased in the ipsilateral hemisphere after ischemia at 3 and 6 h, suggesting an early activation.4 Treatment with GADD45β−l conferred a 43% protection on infarct size, which correlated with MKK7 inhibition in treated animals compared with MCAo: in fact, rats treated with GADD45β−l showed a 54% reduction of P-MKK7/MKK7 ratio 3 h after ischemia (two-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc test, *P<0.05) (Figure 6a), which persisted 6 h after ischemia (33% reduction of P-MKK7/MKK7 ratio; two-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc test, *P<0.05) (Figure 6b).