NOTCH3 and CADASIL: CADASIL is caused by a genetic mutation in the notch homolog protein 3 (NOTCH3) gene [1], that encodes a transmembrane receptor located on the surface of the arterial smooth muscles, with (i) an extracellular domain consisting of 34 epidermal growth factor-like repeats (EGFRs) and three Notch/Lin12 repeats, (ii) a transmembrane domain, and (iii) an intracellular domain consisting of seven ankyrin repeats.