Because PP2A is a serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates several substrates and subsequently modulates oncogenic signaling pathways, the PP2A-NDRG2 complex might regulate a novel upstream kinase of PTEN and NIK, thereby contributing to the suppression of tumor development through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway (Supplementary Fig. 5S). This evidence concerns the gene PTPA and neoplasm.