NRF1 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Further examination revealed that two doses of CII (1.25 and 2.5 μg/ml) also caused a significant increase in transcriptional activity of 3 × PSMA4-ARE-Luc mediated by Nrf1 (Fig. 8b), suggesting that calpain inhibitor also causes a similar response to that of the proteasomal inhibitors MG132 and CI/ALL, leading to transcriptional expression of proteosomal genes.