Indeed, insulin and IGF-1 not only stimulated TRB3 expression in human HepG2 cells in time-dependent and concentration-dependent manners by activating TRB3 transcription (Supplementary Fig. 1a–c)17, but also enhanced TRB3 expression in human colon and lung cancer cells (Supplementary Fig. 1d). Here, IGF1 is linked to lung cancer.