We also showed that overexpression of UCH-L5 was associated with a significant increase in caspase-1 activity, while inhibition of UCH-L5 by selective inhibitor [14] or UCH-L5 knock-down led to decrease in inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release in chicken as well as in human macrophages during infection with Salmonella and during inflammasome activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nigericin. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is infection.