VCAM1 and atherosclerosis: In fact, ligand-conjugated MPIO targeting endothelial-expressed markers such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) [24], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) [25], platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) [26], GP IIb/IIIa [27], and P- and E-selectin [16, 28] have been developed and used to make disease pathogenesis such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, and angiogenesis “visualized.”