In our recent study of neurochemical changes in brain regions in SCA1, SCA2, SCA6, and MSA-C, we found MSA-C and SCA-2 had significant increases in markers of gliosis (myoinositol and glutamine), consistent with our finding of trends towards increased CSF GFAP in these diseases [22]. The gene discussed is CACNA1A; the disease is multiple system atrophy, cerebellar type.