TNFRSF10B and influenza: To determine the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory monocyte-mediated lung damage, we investigated the role of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), as TRAIL is a soluble or cell-surface molecule that is upregulated on inflammatory monocytes during severe influenza infection and can induce apoptosis of target cells expressing the TRAIL receptor DR5 25, 44.