Here it was shown in multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines that nicotine treatment resulted in activation of α7 nAChR and subsequent activation of p-Src kinase, which ultimately lead to the induction of the inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID1) transcription factor that is known to play a role in cell growth, senescence, and differentiation; and ID1 was required for nicotine-mediated proliferation of pancreatic cell lines [20,74]. Here, ID1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.