EPAS1 and renal cell carcinoma: Recently, several SNPs of EPAS1 have been shown to correlate with the development of various diseases such as osteoarthritis [16], retinopathy of prematurity [17], maximum metabolic power in elite endurance athletes [18], physiologic adaptation in high altitude populations [19–22], and susceptibility towards renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and prostate cancer [23, 24].