CXCR4 and HIV-1 infection: For HIV-1 infection, CD4/CXCR4/CCR5+ TZM β-galactosidase reporter target cells were exposed to wild-type or drug-resistant HIV-1 variants (1 ng of p24) together with increasing concentrations of DMSO or CypI—CsA, ALV, or CPI-431-32.