Moreover, studies on myeloid leukemia cells exposed to cAMP-elevating agents also demonstrated PKA-induced phosphorylation of BAD at Ser118 site (34, 35).In conclusion, the present study indicated that elevated cAMP levels may abrogate doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in pre-B ALL cells through a new mechanism involving the induction of BAD phosphorylation. The gene discussed is BAD; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.