Oct4 (Oct3/4 or POU5F1), an embryonic stem cell factor and member of the POU family of transcription factors, has been extensively studied in solid tumours including those of the lung [21], brain [22], and breast [23] where it has closely been related to tumour progression [24], self-renewal [25] and drug resistance [26]. This evidence concerns the gene POU5F1 and neoplasm.