For the detection of malaria parasite DNA, the majority of ICEMRs reported the use of the 18S rRNA as a target gene either by conventional PCR or qPCR to identify malaria species (Table 2).37–39 Other target genes such as pfr364, cytb, and pfldh were also used, but less frequently (Table 2).40,41. Here, MT-CYB is linked to malaria.