TNF and Wilson disease: Some authors have classified WD in a two-stage process: the first one, an inflammatory process when pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNFα are produced mainly by resident macrophages and Schwann cells, and a second stage of WD which aims at resolution of inflammation with secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 by infiltrated macrophages and Schwann cells [13–16].