To determine whether JNK1 could phosphorylate PKM2, we performed immune complex kinase assays and revealed that shPARP14-activated JNK1 markedly phosphorylated both purified His-PKM2 and endogenous PKM2 in HCC cells (Fig. 8b; JNK1 KA). The gene discussed is PKM; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.