To explore the potential co-regulatory mechanisms between miRNAs and TFs in MI, a pathway model demonstrating the co-regulation of miR-21-5p, the miR-29 family (miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p) and SP1 in cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis and angiogenesis was proposed (Fig 4). Here, SP1 is linked to myocardial infarction.