TNF and autoimmune disease: However, the investigation of pathogenic cytokines in animal models of diseases has led to the development of successful cytokine-targeting therapeutic strategies (e.g., chimeric anti-TNF monoclonal antibody, infliximab, and a soluble TNF receptors-Fc fusion protein, sTNF-R-Fc, etanercept) for autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis [130].