However, it is not entirely known which specific serine residues or combination thereof require hyperphosphorylation to elicit the insulin-resistant phenotype, as excessive phosphorylation at Ser337 and Ser636 has been demonstrated in muscle samples from patients with metabolic syndrome, but not at Ser307, Ser789, or Ser1101 as reported by others [45]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic syndrome.