Depression, however, has been associated with OXTR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including SNPs rs53576 (Costa et al., 2009; Riem et al., 2011; Saphire-Bernstein et al., 2011; McQuaid et al., 2013; Thompson et al., 2014) and rs2254298 (Costa et al., 2009; Kawamura et al., 2010; Thompson et al., 2011; Brüne, 2012; Apter-Levy et al., 2013), although these studies report inconsistent findings in regard to these alleles conferring “risk” for depression. This evidence concerns the gene OXTR and major depressive disorder.