APP and Alzheimer disease: In line with this matter, increased levels of LCPUFA–derived lipid hydroperoxides like HHE, HNE, and other endoperoxides like isoprostanes have been observed in the brain of transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease, including 3xTgAD and APP/PS1 animals, and more relevantly, in different areas of human brain and cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients (Marcus et al., 1998; Markesbery and Lovell, 1998; Praticò et al., 1998; Valko et al., 2007; Gwon et al., 2012).