Likewise, recent comparative studies in sporadic (icv-STZ Mouse) and familial (3xTg-AD mouse) mice models of AD have revealed the transcriptional alteration of more than 80 genes related to synapse function, apoptosis and autophagy, AD-related protein kinases, glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and mTOR pathway in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex, not only when compared to WT animals, but also between both AD models (Chen et al., 2012). Here, INS is linked to Alzheimer disease.