The key genes, CDK2, MCM7, and RUVBL2, have all been observed to have an increased level of expression for adolescent hosts irradiated with protons (Figs 6A and 7), which likely contribute to the picture of an overall environment predisposed to both oncogenesis and tumor promotion (Figs 4A and 6E). This evidence concerns the gene RUVBL2 and neoplasm.