Among the mRNAs with the raw gProcessed Signal > 500, two of the 5 most upregulated mRNAs (Tenascin-C, Aquaporin-1) and two of the 5 most downregulated mRNAs (HAPLN4, PPP2R2C) were validated in the training set (40 astrocytomas and 20 NAT samples). Here, AQP1 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).