We first compared the transcriptomes of four chronic AES-1 isolates from different CF patients against PAO1 grown aerobically in Luria broth and found a statistically significant downregulation of hmgA in all planktonic AES-1 compared to planktonic PAO1 (-4.9×, B-statistic = 1.05) (Table 1). The gene discussed is SMOX; the disease is cystic fibrosis.