More recently, lithium has been shown to synergistically enhance the anticancer effects of gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells [42], ionizing radiation in breast cancer cells [43] and sorafenib in glioblastoma multiforme cells [44] through targeting of GSK-3β signaling and induction of apoptotic cell death. The gene discussed is GSK3B; the disease is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.