TP53 and cancer: Unrestricted cancer cell proliferation is largely driven by dysregulated growth signals originating from mutated genes.110 Some researchers believe that MSC-initiated immune suppression, immune cell dysfunction, cell division and angiogenesis could promote cancer progression.111, 112 In addition, MSCs would undergo spontaneous malignant transformation during a culture period of 105 weeks.113, 114, 115 Genomic instability, such as spontaneous p53 mutation in aged or in p21-deficient MSCs, was related to fibrosarcoma formation in vivo.