To date, our studies have been conducted with ovarian cancer where ARHI is downregulated in 60% of primary cancers, but expressed in 80–90% of residual, potentially dormant nodules of residual cancer found at second-look operations.20 Residual ARHI-positive cancer cells exhibit punctate staining for MAP-LC3 consistent with autophagy. This evidence concerns the gene DIRAS3 and cancer.