MAP1LC3A and ovarian cancer: Carboplatin and cisplatin are alkylating agents that bind covalently to DNA producing intra- and inter-strand crosslinks that, if not repaired, induce apoptosis and cell death.23, 24 Our previous studies suggest that ∼20% of primary ovarian cancers exhibit punctate immunohistochemical staining for LC3, a biomarker for autophagy that decorates autophagosome membranes, whereas >80% of cancers that have survived platinum-based chemotherapy exhibit punctate LC3.20 Consequently, autophagy might provide one mechanism of resistance to platinum-based therapy.