Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) primarily initiate and amplify the inflammatory response to infection or trauma by signaling the recruit of additional immune cells and proinflammatory mediators to the site of injury. Here, CSF2 is linked to infection.