At each visit, the area under the curve (AUC) for uMCP-1 was higher than those for serum albumin, serum creatinine, eGFR, anti-dsDNA Ab titres, C3, and C4, for detection of LN activity (Table 6), whereas it was lower than those for proteinuria (uPCI) and SLEDAI-2K renal score. Here, ALB is linked to lobular neoplasia.